{"id":263,"date":"2023-08-23T20:10:35","date_gmt":"2023-08-23T18:10:35","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/napoleon.wboelen.be\/?page_id=263"},"modified":"2025-04-22T19:47:16","modified_gmt":"2025-04-22T17:47:16","slug":"vergiftiging-documenten","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/napoleon.wboelen.be\/index.php\/vergiftiging-documenten\/","title":{"rendered":"Documenten"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"350\" height=\"487\" src=\"https:\/\/napoleon.wboelen.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/poison1moyen.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-843\" srcset=\"https:\/\/napoleon.wboelen.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/poison1moyen.jpg 350w, https:\/\/napoleon.wboelen.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/poison1moyen-216x300.jpg 216w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 350px) 100vw, 350px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>[1955\/1961-heden]<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.napoleonicsociety.com\/english\/poisonednapoleon.html\"><strong>http:\/\/www.napoleonicsociety.com\/english\/poisonednapoleon.html<\/strong><\/a> (vergiftiging, Engels)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.napoleonicsociety.com\/french\/empoisonnementdenapoleon.html\"><strong>http:\/\/www.napoleonicsociety.com\/french\/empoisonnementdenapoleon.html<\/strong><\/a> (vergiftiging, Frans)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>[2013]<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-interactive=\"core\/file\" class=\"wp-block-file\"><object data-wp-bind--hidden=\"!state.hasPdfPreview\" hidden class=\"wp-block-file__embed\" data=\"https:\/\/napoleon.wboelen.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/j5ocampo.pdf\" type=\"application\/pdf\" style=\"width:100%;height:600px\" aria-label=\"Insluiting van j5ocampo.\"><\/object><a id=\"wp-block-file--media-2e8ee63c-09bb-4153-915f-1ace7c9e9e5c\" href=\"https:\/\/napoleon.wboelen.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/j5ocampo.pdf\">j5ocampo<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/napoleon.wboelen.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/j5ocampo.pdf\" class=\"wp-block-file__button wp-element-button\" download aria-describedby=\"wp-block-file--media-2e8ee63c-09bb-4153-915f-1ace7c9e9e5c\">Downloaden<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>[2008]<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.napoleonicsociety.com\/french\/auxitaliens.htm\"><strong>http:\/\/www.napoleonicsociety.com\/french\/auxitaliens.htm<\/strong><\/a> (<strong>Michel Franceschi<\/strong> &amp; <strong>Anthony J. Geroulis<\/strong>, <strong>2008<\/strong>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>[2005]<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/oid344148\"><em>https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/oid344148<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/planete\/article\/2005\/06\/01\/de-l-arsenic-dans-les-cheveux-de-napoleon_657117_3244.html\"><em>https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/planete\/article\/2005\/06\/01\/de-l-arsenic-dans-les-cheveux-de-napoleon_657117_3244.html<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-interactive=\"core\/file\" class=\"wp-block-file\"><object data-wp-bind--hidden=\"!state.hasPdfPreview\" hidden class=\"wp-block-file__embed\" data=\"https:\/\/napoleon.wboelen.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/websitenapoleon-2.pdf\" type=\"application\/pdf\" style=\"width:100%;height:600px\" aria-label=\"Insluiting van websitenapoleon-2.\"><\/object><a id=\"wp-block-file--media-d6c74438-91cd-43f6-8cc0-c31d037de852\" href=\"https:\/\/napoleon.wboelen.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/websitenapoleon-2.pdf\">websitenapoleon-2<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/napoleon.wboelen.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/websitenapoleon-2.pdf\" class=\"wp-block-file__button wp-element-button\" download aria-describedby=\"wp-block-file--media-d6c74438-91cd-43f6-8cc0-c31d037de852\">Downloaden<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>[2001, 2003 en 2005]<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-interactive=\"core\/file\" class=\"wp-block-file\"><object data-wp-bind--hidden=\"!state.hasPdfPreview\" hidden class=\"wp-block-file__embed\" data=\"https:\/\/napoleon.wboelen.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Napoleon-empoisonnement.pdf\" type=\"application\/pdf\" style=\"width:100%;height:600px\" aria-label=\"Insluiting van Napoleon-empoisonnement.\"><\/object><a id=\"wp-block-file--media-300821d0-5e66-49cc-8fa2-c550a2b1d4dd\" href=\"https:\/\/napoleon.wboelen.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Napoleon-empoisonnement.pdf\">Napoleon-empoisonnement<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/napoleon.wboelen.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Napoleon-empoisonnement.pdf\" class=\"wp-block-file__button wp-element-button\" download aria-describedby=\"wp-block-file--media-300821d0-5e66-49cc-8fa2-c550a2b1d4dd\">Downloaden<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>[2003]<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-interactive=\"core\/file\" class=\"wp-block-file\"><object data-wp-bind--hidden=\"!state.hasPdfPreview\" hidden class=\"wp-block-file__embed\" data=\"https:\/\/napoleon.wboelen.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Livre-Verites-mensonges-1.pdf\" type=\"application\/pdf\" style=\"width:100%;height:600px\" aria-label=\"Insluiting van Livre-Verites-mensonges-1.\"><\/object><a id=\"wp-block-file--media-5945865a-6991-4d0c-ad20-aafde1c29a49\" href=\"https:\/\/napoleon.wboelen.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Livre-Verites-mensonges-1.pdf\">Livre-Verites-mensonges-1<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/napoleon.wboelen.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Livre-Verites-mensonges-1.pdf\" class=\"wp-block-file__button wp-element-button\" download aria-describedby=\"wp-block-file--media-5945865a-6991-4d0c-ad20-aafde1c29a49\">Downloaden<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>[2001]<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\">Persconferentie door <strong>Ben Weider<\/strong> naar aanleiding van de onderzoeksresultaten aangeleverd door toxicoloog <strong>Pascal Kintz<\/strong>. 1 juni <strong>2001<\/strong>, te Parijs: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.napoleonicsociety.com\/french\/ConferenceParisFr.htm\"><em>http:\/\/www.napoleonicsociety.com\/french\/ConferenceParisFr.htm<\/em><\/a>. Verslag van persconferentie en het onderzoek in de geschreven media: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.napoleonicsociety.com\/french\/1juin_Corse.htm\"><em>http:\/\/www.napoleonicsociety.com\/french\/1juin_Corse.htm<\/em><\/a> (Corse informations), <a href=\"http:\/\/www.napoleonicsociety.com\/french\/1juin_MieuxVivre.htm\"><em>http:\/\/www.napoleonicsociety.com\/french\/1juin_MieuxVivre.htm<\/em><\/a> (Le Parisien), <a href=\"http:\/\/www.napoleonicsociety.com\/french\/1juin_LaPresse.htm\"><em>http:\/\/www.napoleonicsociety.com\/french\/1juin_LaPresse.htm<\/em><\/a> (La Presse), <a href=\"http:\/\/www.napoleonicsociety.com\/french\/1juin_JdeMtrl.htm\"><em>http:\/\/www.napoleonicsociety.com\/french\/1juin_JdeMtrl.htm<\/em><\/a> (Le journal de Montr\u00e9al) en <a href=\"http:\/\/www.napoleonicsociety.com\/french\/1juin_LeMonde.htm\"><em>http:\/\/www.napoleonicsociety.com\/french\/1juin_LeMonde.htm<\/em><\/a> (Le Monde).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>[2001]<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"504\" height=\"728\" src=\"https:\/\/napoleon.wboelen.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/PKintz2001.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-521\" srcset=\"https:\/\/napoleon.wboelen.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/PKintz2001.jpg 504w, https:\/\/napoleon.wboelen.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/PKintz2001-208x300.jpg 208w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 504px) 100vw, 504px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>7 februari 2001<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>[31 mei 1999]<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-interactive=\"core\/file\" class=\"wp-block-file\"><object data-wp-bind--hidden=\"!state.hasPdfPreview\" hidden class=\"wp-block-file__embed\" data=\"https:\/\/napoleon.wboelen.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/NapoleonMortEmpoisonne-1.pdf\" type=\"application\/pdf\" style=\"width:100%;height:600px\" aria-label=\"Insluiting van NapoleonMortEmpoisonne-1.\"><\/object><a id=\"wp-block-file--media-19fba94b-7215-4d41-a7e4-37eb5d97a9b8\" href=\"https:\/\/napoleon.wboelen.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/NapoleonMortEmpoisonne-1.pdf\">NapoleonMortEmpoisonne-1<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/napoleon.wboelen.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/NapoleonMortEmpoisonne-1.pdf\" class=\"wp-block-file__button wp-element-button\" download aria-describedby=\"wp-block-file--media-19fba94b-7215-4d41-a7e4-37eb5d97a9b8\">Downloaden<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>[1955\/1961-1995]<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-interactive=\"core\/file\" class=\"wp-block-file\"><object data-wp-bind--hidden=\"!state.hasPdfPreview\" hidden class=\"wp-block-file__embed\" data=\"https:\/\/napoleon.wboelen.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/AssassinatNap-1.pdf\" type=\"application\/pdf\" style=\"width:100%;height:600px\" aria-label=\"Insluiting van AssassinatNap-1.\"><\/object><a id=\"wp-block-file--media-d914ba97-e28e-4dbc-9b9c-b826fc029490\" href=\"https:\/\/napoleon.wboelen.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/AssassinatNap-1.pdf\">AssassinatNap-1<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/napoleon.wboelen.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/AssassinatNap-1.pdf\" class=\"wp-block-file__button wp-element-button\" download aria-describedby=\"wp-block-file--media-d914ba97-e28e-4dbc-9b9c-b826fc029490\">Downloaden<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">Ben Weider en <strong>David Chandler<\/strong><sup data-fn=\"451b2f0e-9af2-4c6b-9483-ffe242d2b229\" class=\"fn\"><a href=\"#451b2f0e-9af2-4c6b-9483-ffe242d2b229\" id=\"451b2f0e-9af2-4c6b-9483-ffe242d2b229-link\">1<\/a><\/sup>. Brief David Chandler: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.napoleonicsociety.com\/english\/Nap_poisoned.htm\">http:\/\/www.napoleonicsociety.com\/english\/Nap_poisoned.htm<\/a> (Engels) en <a href=\"http:\/\/www.napoleonicsociety.com\/french\/Chandler_editeur.htm\">http:\/\/www.napoleonicsociety.com\/french\/Chandler_editeur.htm<\/a> (Frans). Beknopt (tekst hieronder): <a href=\"http:\/\/www.napoleonicsociety.com\/english\/DeathAndTheEmperor.htm\">http:\/\/www.napoleonicsociety.com\/english\/DeathAndTheEmperor.htm<\/a> (Engels).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>[1955\/1961-1995]<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-interactive=\"core\/file\" class=\"wp-block-file\"><object data-wp-bind--hidden=\"!state.hasPdfPreview\" hidden class=\"wp-block-file__embed\" data=\"https:\/\/napoleon.wboelen.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/ANEngels-1.pdf\" type=\"application\/pdf\" style=\"width:100%;height:600px\" aria-label=\"Insluiting van ANEngels-1.\"><\/object><a id=\"wp-block-file--media-c576a2ae-0d0c-4994-93f2-ed528d4c2b18\" href=\"https:\/\/napoleon.wboelen.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/ANEngels-1.pdf\">ANEngels-1<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/napoleon.wboelen.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/ANEngels-1.pdf\" class=\"wp-block-file__button wp-element-button\" download aria-describedby=\"wp-block-file--media-c576a2ae-0d0c-4994-93f2-ed528d4c2b18\">Downloaden<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>[1995]<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"504\" height=\"594\" src=\"https:\/\/napoleon.wboelen.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/FBI1995.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-522\" style=\"width:504px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/napoleon.wboelen.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/FBI1995.jpg 504w, https:\/\/napoleon.wboelen.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/FBI1995-255x300.jpg 255w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 504px) 100vw, 504px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>28 augustus 1995<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Naar aanleiding van het onderzoek door het laboratorium van de FBI (USA) op aanvraag van Ben Weider (zie de bovenstaande brief), verschenen er enkele artikels in de media. Hierbij enkele voorbeelden: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.napoleon-series.org\/images\/ins\/weider\/assassination\/clippings\/frontpage.gif\">https:\/\/www.napoleon-series.org\/images\/ins\/weider\/assassination\/clippings\/frontpage.gif<\/a> &amp; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.napoleon-series.org\/images\/ins\/weider\/assassination\/clippings\/poisoned.gif\">https:\/\/www.napoleon-series.org\/images\/ins\/weider\/assassination\/clippings\/poisoned.gif<\/a> (<em>Le Journal de Montr\u00e9al<\/em> &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.journaldemontreal.com\/\">https:\/\/www.journaldemontreal.com\/<\/a>), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.napoleon-series.org\/images\/ins\/weider\/assassination\/clippings\/gazette3.gif\">https:\/\/www.napoleon-series.org\/images\/ins\/weider\/assassination\/clippings\/gazette3.gif<\/a> (<em>The Montr\u00e9al Gazette<\/em>, 12 oktober 1995 &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.montrealgazette.com\/\">https:\/\/www.montrealgazette.com\/<\/a>) en <a href=\"https:\/\/www.napoleon-series.org\/images\/ins\/weider\/assassination\/clippings\/review1.gif\">https:\/\/www.napoleon-series.org\/images\/ins\/weider\/assassination\/clippings\/review1.gif<\/a> (een boekbespreking door <em>Rick Wayne<\/em>, 18 november 1995 &#8211; <em>The Star<\/em>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thestar.com\/\">https:\/\/www.thestar.com\/<\/a>). Dit laatste was naar aanleiding van het verschijnen (1995, in de Verenigde Staten &#8211; USA) van het boek &#8211; een werk van Ben Weider, met de bevindingen van het onderzoek verricht door de FBI &#8211; &#8220;<em>Assassination at St. Helena Revisited<\/em>&#8220;. Ben Weider reageerde ook op enkele (tegen)reacties op dit onderzoek (en het voorafgaande, sinds 1955\/1961) in de volgende tekst: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.napoleon-series.org\/research\/napoleon\/c_comments.html\">https:\/\/www.napoleon-series.org\/research\/napoleon\/c_comments.html<\/a>. &#8211; [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.napoleon-series.org\/\">https:\/\/www.napoleon-series.org\/<\/a>] &#8211;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>[1982]<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">Twee stukken onder &#8220;Correspondence&#8221; in <em>Nature<\/em>, december <strong>1982<\/strong>, door <strong>Sten Forshufvud<\/strong> (Napoleon&#8217;s health) en <strong>Hamilton Smith<\/strong> (Napoleon&#8217;s arsenic):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/300680c0#preview\">https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/300680c0#preview<\/a> en <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/300680c0.pdf\">https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/300680c0.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>[1961]<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">Artikel in <em>Nature<\/em>, oktober <strong>1961<\/strong>, met als titel &#8220;Arsenic content of Napoleon I&#8217;s hair probably taken immediately after his death&#8221; door <strong>Sten Forshufvud<\/strong>, <strong>Hamilton Smith<\/strong> en <strong>Anders Wass\u00e9n<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/192103a0#preview\">https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/192103a0#preview<\/a> en <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/192103a0.pdf\">https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/192103a0.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">***<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"277\" height=\"362\" src=\"https:\/\/napoleon.wboelen.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/GraafdeMontholon-2.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2687\" srcset=\"https:\/\/napoleon.wboelen.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/GraafdeMontholon-2.png 277w, https:\/\/napoleon.wboelen.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/GraafdeMontholon-2-230x300.png 230w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 277px) 100vw, 277px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em><strong>Charles-Tristan [markies] de Montholon<\/strong> (1783-1853). Hij werd door Sten Forshufvud en Ben Weider beschouwd als de meest waarschijnlijke uitvoerder (dader) van de gifmoord op Napoleon, in de periode 1815-1821, op Sint-Helena.<\/em> <em>[Portret, door Louis Martinet of Pierre Martinet?]<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Een tekst door <strong>\u00c9mile Gueguen<\/strong> waarin hij tracht de <strong>schuldigen<\/strong> achter de <strong>gifmoord<\/strong> op Napoleon aan te wijzen, getiteld &#8220;<em>Acte d&#8217;accusation contre la cour de France et le cabinet de Londres&#8221;:<\/em> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.napoleonicsociety.com\/french\/pdf\/ActeAccusation.pdf\"><em><strong>http:\/\/www.napoleonicsociety.com\/french\/pdf\/ActeAccusation.pdf<\/strong><\/em><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">*<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"837\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/napoleon.wboelen.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/CharlesXGerardJT-837x1024.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2689\" srcset=\"https:\/\/napoleon.wboelen.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/CharlesXGerardJT-837x1024.png 837w, https:\/\/napoleon.wboelen.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/CharlesXGerardJT-245x300.png 245w, https:\/\/napoleon.wboelen.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/CharlesXGerardJT-768x939.png 768w, https:\/\/napoleon.wboelen.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/CharlesXGerardJT-1256x1536.png 1256w, https:\/\/napoleon.wboelen.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/CharlesXGerardJT-1674x2048.png 1674w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 837px) 100vw, 837px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em><strong>Koning Charles X<\/strong> (Charles-Philippe de France, graaf van Artois, 1757-1836), staatshoofd van Frankrijk in de periode 1824-1830 (tot aan de  Julirevolutie, la R\u00e9volution de Juillet). Hij was een broer van de koningen Lodewijk\/Louis XVI (1754-1793, geguillotineerd) en Lodewijk\/Louis XVIII (1755-1824), de opvolger van Napoleon I. Hij &#8211; Charles X &#8211; werd door Sten Forshufvud en Ben Weider beschouwd als d\u00e9 opdrachtgever van de moord (door vergiftiging) op Napoleon. Hij was eerder al &#8211; zeer waarschijnlijk &#8211; betrokken bij eerdere mislukte aanslagpogingen op Napoleon toen deze Eerste Consul was (1800 en 1804). Hij is tot op het heden de laatste vorst die een zalvings-en kroningsceremonie &#8211; le Sacre et le Couronnement &#8211; had in Frankrijk, meer bepaald in de kathedraal van Reims, in 1825.<\/em> <em>Een portret door de kunstenaar Fran\u00e7ois G\u00e9rard (1770-1837).<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Pascal Cazottes<\/strong> schreef over dit onderwerp de tekst &lt;&lt;Napol\u00e9on I, <strong>le souverain assassin\u00e9<\/strong>&gt;&gt;: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.napoleonicsociety.com\/french\/cazottestopsecret.html\"><strong><em>http:\/\/www.napoleonicsociety.com\/french\/cazottestopsecret.html<\/em><\/strong><\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">*<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"251\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/napoleon.wboelen.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/HudsonLowe.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2691\" srcset=\"https:\/\/napoleon.wboelen.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/HudsonLowe.png 251w, https:\/\/napoleon.wboelen.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/HudsonLowe-209x300.png 209w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 251px) 100vw, 251px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em><strong>Hudson Lowe<\/strong> (1769-1844), de Britse gouverneur van Sint-Helena vanaf 1816 tot en met 1821. Sten Forshufvud en Ben Weider vermoedden dat hij op een of andere wijze betrokken was bij de (doelbewuste) vergiftiging van Napoleon, zijn gevangene.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Ook <strong>John Tarttelin<\/strong> stelde betreffende deze materie een document op &lt;&lt;<strong>Hairsay and heresy: the murder of Napoleon<\/strong>&gt;&gt;: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.napoleonicsociety.com\/english\/tarttelina.htm\"><em><strong>http:\/\/www.napoleonicsociety.com\/english\/tarttelina.htm<\/strong><\/em><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">*<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Artikel <em>&#8220;Napoleon and his teeth&#8221;<\/em>, door <strong>Xavier Riaud<\/strong>. De vergiftiging op Sint-Helena wordt ook aangehaald, al ligt de focus voornamelijk op Napoleons gebit doorheen zijn hele leven (1769-1821), niet enkel tijdens de jaren die hij doorbracht op het eiland Sint-Helena (1815-1821). Afkomstig uit het <em>Napoleonic Scholarship<\/em>, editie 2010.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div data-wp-interactive=\"core\/file\" class=\"wp-block-file\"><object data-wp-bind--hidden=\"!state.hasPdfPreview\" hidden class=\"wp-block-file__embed\" data=\"https:\/\/napoleon.wboelen.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/j2010riaud-1.pdf\" type=\"application\/pdf\" style=\"width:100%;height:600px\" aria-label=\"Insluiting van j2010riaud.\"><\/object><a id=\"wp-block-file--media-5ead6852-7c7f-495b-9819-c5b8ca862d19\" href=\"https:\/\/napoleon.wboelen.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/j2010riaud-1.pdf\">j2010riaud<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/napoleon.wboelen.be\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/j2010riaud-1.pdf\" class=\"wp-block-file__button wp-element-button\" download aria-describedby=\"wp-block-file--media-5ead6852-7c7f-495b-9819-c5b8ca862d19\">Downloaden<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">***<br><\/p>\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-footnotes\"><li id=\"451b2f0e-9af2-4c6b-9483-ffe242d2b229\">Tekst door Ben Weider geschreven ten tijde van het overlijden van <strong>David Chandler<\/strong> in 2004: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.napoleonicsociety.com\/french\/mortchandlerf.htm\"><em>http:\/\/www.napoleonicsociety.com\/french\/mortchandlerf.htm<\/em><\/a> (Frans). Over David Chandler kan men ook hier <a href=\"http:\/\/www.napoleonicsociety.com\/english\/ChandlerReport.htm\"><em>http:\/\/www.napoleonicsociety.com\/english\/ChandlerReport.htm<\/em><\/a> (Engels) en daar <a href=\"http:\/\/www.napoleonicsociety.com\/english\/Chandler_Sparky.htm\"><em>http:\/\/www.napoleonicsociety.com\/english\/Chandler_Sparky.htm<\/em><\/a> (Engels) terecht om verder te lezen. <a href=\"#451b2f0e-9af2-4c6b-9483-ffe242d2b229-link\" aria-label=\"Ga naar voetnoot referentie 1\">\u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li><\/ol>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[1955\/1961-heden] http:\/\/www.napoleonicsociety.com\/english\/poisonednapoleon.html (vergiftiging, Engels) http:\/\/www.napoleonicsociety.com\/french\/empoisonnementdenapoleon.html (vergiftiging, Frans) [2013] [2008] http:\/\/www.napoleonicsociety.com\/french\/auxitaliens.htm (Michel Franceschi &amp; Anthony J. Geroulis, 2008) [2005] https:\/\/www.gva.be\/cnt\/oid344148 https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/planete\/article\/2005\/06\/01\/de-l-arsenic-dans-les-cheveux-de-napoleon_657117_3244.html [2001, 2003 en 2005] [2003] [2001] Persconferentie door Ben Weider naar aanleiding van de onderzoeksresultaten aangeleverd door toxicoloog Pascal Kintz. 1 juni 2001, te Parijs: http:\/\/www.napoleonicsociety.com\/french\/ConferenceParisFr.htm. Verslag van persconferentie en het onderzoek in de geschreven &hellip;<\/p>\n<p class=\"read-more\"> <a class=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/napoleon.wboelen.be\/index.php\/vergiftiging-documenten\/\"> <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Documenten<\/span> Lees meer &raquo;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"","footnotes":"[{\"content\":\"Tekst door Ben Weider geschreven ten tijde van het overlijden van <strong>David Chandler<\/strong> in 2004: <a href=\\\"http:\/\/www.napoleonicsociety.com\/french\/mortchandlerf.htm\\\"><em>http:\/\/www.napoleonicsociety.com\/french\/mortchandlerf.htm<\/em><\/a> (Frans). Over David Chandler kan men ook hier <a href=\\\"http:\/\/www.napoleonicsociety.com\/english\/ChandlerReport.htm\\\"><em>http:\/\/www.napoleonicsociety.com\/english\/ChandlerReport.htm<\/em><\/a> (Engels) en daar <a href=\\\"http:\/\/www.napoleonicsociety.com\/english\/Chandler_Sparky.htm\\\"><em>http:\/\/www.napoleonicsociety.com\/english\/Chandler_Sparky.htm<\/em><\/a> (Engels) terecht om verder te lezen.\",\"id\":\"451b2f0e-9af2-4c6b-9483-ffe242d2b229\"}]"},"class_list":["post-263","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/napoleon.wboelen.be\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/263","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/napoleon.wboelen.be\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/napoleon.wboelen.be\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/napoleon.wboelen.be\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/napoleon.wboelen.be\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=263"}],"version-history":[{"count":47,"href":"https:\/\/napoleon.wboelen.be\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/263\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3468,"href":"https:\/\/napoleon.wboelen.be\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/263\/revisions\/3468"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/napoleon.wboelen.be\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=263"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}